Understanding Addison’s Disease: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Addison’s Disease?

Addison’s disease is a rare condition. It happens when your adrenal glands do not make enough hormones. These hormones help control many body functions. Because of this, Addison’s disease is also called adrenal insufficiency. The adrenal glands sit on top of your kidneys. They make hormones like cortisol and aldosterone. Without enough of these, your body cannot work as it should. Although Addison’s disease can affect anyone, it is most common in adults between 30 and 50 years old.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of Addison’s disease often develop slowly. Sometimes, they are easy to miss. However, knowing the signs can help you get care sooner. Common symptoms include:

Extreme tiredness or fatigue

Muscle weakness

Weight loss and loss of appetite

Darkening of the skin, especially on scars or skin folds

Low blood pressure, which may cause dizziness

Craving salty foods

Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea

Joint or muscle pain

Low blood sugar, especially in children

Sometimes, symptoms can get worse quickly. This is called an Addisonian crisis. It is a medical emergency. Signs include severe pain, vomiting, confusion, and even loss of consciousness. If you notice these, seek help right away.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are several causes of Addison’s disease. Most often, the immune system attacks the adrenal glands by mistake. This is called an autoimmune response. Other causes include:

Infections like tuberculosis

Cancer that spreads to the adrenal glands

Bleeding into the adrenal glands

Genetic conditions present at birth

Some people are at higher risk. For example, those with other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes or thyroid problems, may be more likely to develop Addison’s disease. Family history can also play a role.

Diagnosis and Testing

Doctors use several tests to diagnose Addison’s disease. First, they will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Then, they may order blood tests. These tests check your hormone levels, especially cortisol and ACTH. Sometimes, doctors use a special test called the ACTH stimulation test. This test shows how well your adrenal glands respond to signals from your brain. In addition, your doctor may order imaging tests, like a CT scan, to look at your adrenal glands. Early diagnosis is important. It helps prevent serious problems.

Treatment Options

Treatment for Addison’s disease focuses on replacing missing hormones. Most people take daily medicines. These medicines include:

Hydrocortisone or prednisone to replace cortisol

Fludrocortisone to replace aldosterone

Sometimes, your doctor may adjust your dose during illness or stress. This helps your body cope with extra demands. With the right treatment, most people can live normal lives. However, regular check-ups are important. Your doctor will monitor your hormone levels and adjust your treatment as needed.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

Living with Addison’s disease requires some changes. But, you can still enjoy a healthy life. Here are some helpful tips:

Take your medicine at the same time every day

Carry a medical alert card or bracelet

Let friends and family know about your condition

Eat a balanced diet with enough salt

Stay hydrated, especially during hot weather or exercise

Learn the signs of an Addisonian crisis

Have extra medicine on hand for emergencies

Although you cannot always prevent Addison’s disease, early treatment can stop serious problems. Regular doctor visits help keep you safe.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice symptoms like ongoing tiredness, weight loss, or darkened skin, talk to your doctor. Early testing can help find the cause. In addition, seek help right away if you have severe pain, vomiting, confusion, or fainting. These may be signs of an Addisonian crisis. Quick treatment can save your life.

For personalized advice and care, consult DRM Multi Speciality Hospital.